参考号：EM131403584
Q1. Powered By Koffee (PBK) is a new coffee store. PBK uses 50 bags of whole bean coffee every month, and assume that demand is perfectly steady throughout the year.
PDK从当地的供应商Phish Roasters购买咖啡，每袋25美元的价格和每次订单规模独立于订单的每次交付的固定成本85美元。网络钓鱼骑士在两个月内提供订单。由于处理和存储而导致的持有成本为每袋1美元。PBK使用每月2％的资本成本。
a）找到PBK的最佳订单数量，重新订购点和年度总成本关联。平均而言，根据该政策，PBK在库存中持有多少个月的咖啡需求？
b）假设南美进出口公司已向PBK提供了一笔交易。也就是说，PBK可以直接从南美供应商那里以每袋20美元的价格购买一年的咖啡，固定送货费用为2,000美元。在这种情况下，交付订单的交货时间为6个月。假设估计的处理和存储成本为每月1美元，如前所述，每月的资本成本为2％。在这种情况下，订单数量，重新排序点以及平均每月总成本是多少？PBK应该转换他的供应商并从南美公司购买吗？
c) Recently, Discount Wholesale (DW), a local supplier of coffee beans has offered PBK the following terms: A price per bag of $23 plus a flat cost of $200 per delivery. However, orders should be in batches of 50 bags only. Order lead-time will be two months. As before, the holding cost due to handling and storage is $1 per bag per month and the cost of capital is 2% per month. Find the optimal order quantity, the reorder point, the average months of demand of coffee in inventory and the average total monthly cost if DS is employed? Based on your result, should PBK select DW as his supplier?
Q2。产品X和Y的年度需求分别均匀，等于500和1000。考虑了两个供应商：供应商One，All-Un-Units Ventity Inc.，按全单位折扣时间表提供他的服务和交付。第二供应商增量数量Inc.仅采用增量折扣。以下是有关产品和供应商的所有相关信息：
All-Un-Inits Wentity Inc.供应商
产品X: Order Cost=$500, Lead-time=1 month, discount schedule based on All-Units quantity discount:
排序数量 |
Unit Cost (c) |
0 |
100 |
200≤q |
98 |
产品Y：订单成本= $ 2,000，基于全单元数量折扣的折扣时间表：
排序数量 |
Unit Cost (c) |
0 |
150 |
1，，，，000 ≤ Q |
148 |
增量数量公司供应商
产品X: Order Cost=$500, discount schedule based on Incremental quantity discount:
排序数量 |
Unit Cost (c) |
0 |
99 |
200 |
98 |
产品Y：订单成本= $ 2,000，基于增量数量折扣的折扣时间表：
排序数量 |
Unit Cost (c) |
0 |
148 |
200 |
140 |
a）假设每年的持有成本率为20％，则应从哪个供应商订购？什么是最佳订单重新排序点以及与两种产品的补充/库存相关的总年度成本。
b）最近，该公司正在考虑新的供应商联合源公司，该公司仅在共同补充产品时才提供产品。也就是说，这两种产品必须同时订购。这个想法很有吸引力，因为订单成本将节省。联合源为两种产品提供恒定的单价。具体而言，产品X和Y的每单位价格分别为100美元和149美元。每次下订单时，都会收取$ 1500的订单费用。
假设每年的持有成本率为20％，请找到最佳订单数量，如果选择该供应商，则与补货/库存相关的年总成本。
c）基于您（a）和（b）的分析，为公司推荐最佳的采购策略。也就是说，对于每种产品，指定供应商，订单数量，重新订购点，然后是每年的总成本。
Q3. The following data is available on four products that are produced on a single machine.
产品 |
Annual Demand |
年生产率 |
单位费用（$） |
设置费用（$） |
设置时间（天） |
1 |
6500 |
26000 |
200 |
400 |
1 |
2 |
150 |
1200 |
7 |
1000 |
2 |
3 |
8600 |
40000 |
10 |
400 |
1 |
4 |
120 |
400 |
25 |
1000 |
5 |
假设年度持有成本率为24％。在计算中假设每月30天或每年360天。
a) Find the optimal time between production of each product, their optimal production quantities and the average annual total cost.
b) Suppose that through upgrading the existing machine, Set-up times can be eliminated; however, Set-up costs which are mainly due to instrument changes hold as before. What is the maximum investment the company is willing to make (if any) on this upgrade? (In all your financial analysis, assume that relevant cash flows continue in perpetuity, the nominal cost of capital is 24% per year compounding monthly).
提示：当现金流以X和现金流的名义利率永久性地持续，每月更复杂时，可以通过将其除以每月的利率来分配给每月年金的投资。也就是说，如果进行了$投资，则可以分布在每月的年金中，其中y = x/12是每月的利率。
Q4. The following are the sales figures for 2014 through 2016 for a product. Data for a year is available in two halves of the year, months January though June, and then July though December (Half-year 2).
半年 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
1 |
1250 |
1200 |
1180 |
2 |
840 |
800 |
780 |
Suppose we are interested in setting up a forecasting model using the Winter's Method.
a) Initialize the system based on the data provided for 2014 and 2015 using the procedure discussed in class.
b) Suppose the smoothing factors are α = β = γ = 0.2. Employing the method discussed in class, forecast for the first half of 2016 and then the second half of 2016 by incorporating the sales for the first half of 2016. Calculate the MAD based on 2016 actuals and forecasts.
c）预测2017年和2018年两半的销售。