宏观经济分析
Before we proceed to discuss macroeconomic theories, it will be useful to get acquainted with some of the basic concepts and approaches widely used in macroeconomic studies.
库存变量
Macroeconomics uses certain economic aggregates, called macroeconomic variables, to assess the performance and to analysis the behavior of an economy. Macroeconomic variables that figure in macroeconomic studies are generally grouped under (i) stock variables, and (ii) flow variables another kind of variables used in macroeconomic analysis are called rates, expressed in terms of percentage rates, percentage rate of economic growth, inflation savings, investment interest, etc, a brief description of stock and flow variables is given below.
股票变量是指2006年3月31日或2007年12月31日在某个时间点给出的某些经济变量的数量或价值，换句话说，参考时间点测量的变量是股票变量，对于股票变量，用于例如，在某个时间点存储在水箱中的水是库存变量，特定数据图书馆中的书籍数量是库存变量。在经济学中，一个国家的资本库存，在某个时间点，雇用总货币供应的人的数量是宏观库存变量的一些例子。
流变量,另一方面基于“增大化现实”技术e the variables that are expressed per unit of time per our per week per month or per year. For example, GDP, aggregate consumption aggregate saving aggregate investment aggregate exports, aggregate imports etc. are macro flow variables.
重要的是要注意，如上所述，库存和流量变量的分类是方便和实践的问题。从概念上讲，很难对股票和流量之间的宏观经济变量进行全能分类，因为考虑到分析的目的，流量变量可以解释为库存变量，反之亦然。例如，国民收入是流动变量，可以将其视为参考年份的股票。同样，从头部计数的角度来看，就业是一种库存变量，但是从工程工作的角度来看，它可以将其视为流量变量。
It is important to note that the classification of stock a flow variables, as given above, is a matter of convenience and practice. Conceptually, it is difficult to make an all-purpose classification of macroeconomic variables between stock and flow. For given the purpose of analysis, a flow variable can be interpreted as a stock variable and vice versa. For example, national income in a flow variable but it can be treated as stock for the year of reference. Similarly, employments is a stock variable, form head-count point of view, but form the view point of work effort in terms of man-hours, it can be treated as a flow variable.
平衡和不平衡
平衡和不平衡的概念在微观经济和宏观经济分析中广泛使用。尽管微观经济学使用，但在一般部分平衡分析中，宏观经济分析主要是一般平衡性质10。
平衡
在经济中，平衡是指相反的经济力量需求和供应的状态或情况，平衡，并且没有内置的趋势偏离该立场，对阵平衡是一组相互关联的变量，以调整到一个相互关联的变量在它们所构成的模型中，没有改变改变的固有趋势。
不平衡
This is the state in which the opposite forces (demand and supply) are in imbalance. The factors causing disequilibrium arise out of the working process of the economy. The working of a market economy is governed by such a large number of interrelated and interacting forces that a continuous balance between market forces-demand and supply-cannot be expected.
部分平衡和一般平衡分析
部分平衡分析
从概念上讲，部分平衡分析是对经济的一部分的分析，它是通过从变化的影响中孤立和隔离的。在简单的杂草中，仅通过隔离其余的经济分析经济或经济现象的一部分或经济现象，分析是部分平衡分析，部分平衡分析被广泛用于微观经济分析中，部分平衡分析基于Ceteris Paribus Paribus paribus paribus phapting，假设所有其他事物或变量，特别是相关的变量保持恒定。
General equilibrium analysis
General equilibrium analysis is carried out where the objective is to analysis the economic system as a whole without using the restrictive assumptions of the partial equilibrium analysis. General equilibrium analysis is carried out by taking into account the interrelationships and interdependence between the various elements of the economy. It allows all the interrelated factors to vary in reaction to one another and seeks to analyse the simultaneous equilibrium of all the process and output all the related goods and it shows how equilibrium of all related sectors or markets is simultaneously determined.
Static comparative static and dynamic analysis
静态分析
In general sense of the term static means in a state of rest or in a state of motionlessness,’ For example, A table placed in a room, a book lying on the table, and a car parked on the road is in the state of rest or motionlessness. But an economy is never in the state of rest.
比较静态
比较静态是对两种不同品脱的两个静态平衡位置处经济状况的比较研究。在比较静态分析中，实际上，我们正在比较与两个平衡位置相对应的系统的平衡值。
动态分析
在与静态方法的合同中，采用动态方法来研究运动中的经济。当宏观经济现象在变化或动态条件下进行分析时，它被称为动态分析。采用动态分析来研究在动态条件下的经济。在动态的经济中，经济因素和力量不断变化。运动中的经济提出了某些无法通过静态甚至比较静态方法来处理的问题。
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