国际海关法

在每年的每年，都会执行有关毒品贸易，盗版物品和类似物品的一些规定。其中一些惯例是新的，而另一些则是根据现有惯例修改的。关于1961年和1971年的引渡的规定旨在旨在同一前景，但批判性地分析了两组惯例，可以推断出两者之间存在许多差异（Khan，1979）。在这里进行了比较1961年和1971年的惯例以及1988年规定的有效性分析。

关于引渡1961年公约的规定

1961年公约num的组成ber of regulations for extradition. The first one in that list is the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. This convention was made in 1961 but later it was amended in the year of 1972. The specialty of this convention is that it replaced all the related conventions and thus the name "Single Convention" come into existence. This law did was formulated to benefit the entire human race without affecting the world of business. This statement is supported by the fact that the convention minimized the abusive effect of narcotic drugs but simultaneously allowed legitimate trade on this business as a part of it this business seems to be important and thus it is safeguarded by this convention (L and E, 1962). Prohibition of production and use of drugs for all purposes will result to adverse outcomes. Thus, this convention specifically allowed the production, use, export and import of the drugs that are required in medical ground and for the need of researches; but in contrast, the convention prohibited the production, use and trade of all other drugs. In addition to the mentioned regulations, it has also formulated many other articles which have put the limitation depending upon the parameters of time, amount of production and materials (Stewart, 1989).

关于引渡1971年公约的规定

This convention came into existence after 10 years since the last mentioned one. The prime focus of this convention was on Psychotropic substances. The details of the conventions infer that the availability of illicit amphetamines and hallucinogenic drugs all over the world must be carried out under control without prohibiting them completely. One article under this convention aims at formulating measures to be implemented against illicit traffic (Khan, 1979). There are numerous other approaches of this convention that focuses on offences, jurisdictions and prohibition of illegitimate application and productions.

Similarities and Differences between 1961 Convention and 1971 Convention

1961年的公约和1971年的公约与他们的基本目标相同。它是为了制定违法使用和生产毒品和盗版物品的法规。除了1061和1972的惯例基本动机的相似之处外，它们在许多其他方面也相似。主要相似之处在于，这两种约定都不完全禁止使用药物的使用和生产，而是为了人类的利益以及与人类生活相关的方面允许一定比例（Stewart，1989）。1961年的公约指出，必须允许医疗应用和研究理由所需的药物生产，进出进口和进口。同样，1971年的公约清楚地提到了对非法药物的控制，而不是完全禁止。两次公约之间的区别在于，1961年的公约取代了与类似意图和作为综合法规有关的所有先前法规，但1971年的公约没有这种专业（L和E，1962）。此外，1961年的公约在其适用和法规的描述中比1971年更广泛。

1988年的公约及其有效性

该惯例与1961年和1971年的公约相似，但被认为更有效。已经观察到，提出和制定基本法规似乎并不有效，这是在前面提到的约定中所做的。但是，该公约不仅制定了法律，此外，如果法规被打破，则规定了结果（Khan，1979）。这加剧了人类之间的关注，以维持《公约规范》，因此被证明更有效。根据本公约，当事方将被确定为进口或出口非法毒品的刑事罪犯。它还涉及各方制定制裁以衍生罪行的重力。该公约还为起诉罪犯提供法律援助。

All in all, it can be stated that the 1988 Convention is much wider in range of application and thus is effective that other conventions, though all the conventions are similar in their ultimate prospects.