Reference no: EM13851926

职位论文分配正义与公民生活200，J＆L春季学期2015节

您必须争辩说，由国家赞助的优生学是（a）道德上的强制性或（b）在道德上禁止的。也就是说，您必须说（a）国家在道德上有义务确保尚未出生的儿童具有比自然而然的基因，如果没有干预，或者（b）在道德上禁止国家如果没有干预，孩子的基因比自然而然地得到的基因更好。

WARNING: Do not argue that state-sponsored eugenics is morally permissible but not morally obligatory.

WARNING: Do not consider practical difficulties such as the limits of our current knowledge of genetics, difficulties of fair and impartial administration of a state-sponsored eugenics program, or the possibility of government abuse motivated by racism or other false beliefs. Assume that (a) we have perfect knowledge of genetics, (b) the government can fairly and impartially administer a eugenics program, and (c) the program aims at genuine human good, not a racist or otherwise false theory of human good. Therefore, historical examples of eugenics are not relevant. No reasonable person doubts that eugenics has motivated wrong actions in the past. The question is whether it is wrong even if it is not based on racism or false beliefs about eugenics.

WARNING: Do not focus on the possibility of parents deciding on the genes of their own future children. That would be "private eugenics," not state-sponsored eugenics. The question as to whether the government should permit this is a different one.

What I am asking you to do in this paper is consider whether state-sponsored eugenics is ethically prohibited even if we make the assumptions described above in favor of eugenics, or whether, if we make those assumptions, that eugenics would be ethically obligatory.

Guidelines

1. Define ‘eugenics' in your introductory paragraph. Stipulate that you will be talking only about state-sponsored eugenics and that you are making the assumptions outlined in the second warning above.

2. State whether you will argue that eugenics is morally obligatory or morally prohibited in your introductory paragraph. This is your thesis.

3.在随后的段落中说明您的原因。支持您的论文的每个原因都应该是段落的主题句子。

4. Address objections in separate paragraphs. Doing this properly ensures that you are being fair to reasonable people who disagree with you. An objection is a reason someone would give for not believing what you say. There are many different possible objections to any thesis. Focus on the ones that are strongest (that is, the most plausible).

5. In your concluding paragraph, restate your thesis and your arguments. Do not make any new points in your concluding paragraph.

6. Use at least four separate academic sources.

7. Do not rely upon (that is, cite) the iBook introduction to make substantive points.

8. Do not dwell on Plato's Republic.

9. Cite your sources using APA style. For a quick guide on how to use APA style, see the following link: http://lynn-library.libguides.com/apa.

10. Include a "Works Cited" page at the end using APA style.

11.您必须引用的四个学术来源应（a）是学术，（b）数量四个。学术来源是经过同行评审的来源。判断源是否进行同行评审的最简单方法是在Lynn University图书馆目录中查找它，并查看“ Peer-审查”一词是否在旁边。问我是否不确定。您在Internet上发现的大部分内容都没有进行同行评审。

12.请勿使用收缩。

13. Do not use slang.

14.检查拼写错误和语法错误。

15. Use the Times New Roman font, 12-point size, double spaced. Do not have any extra spacing between lines.

16.边缘应在顶部，底部，左侧和右侧1英寸。

17.将您的姓名和部分字母放在顶部。不要包含任何其他信息。

18. Give your paper a title, but it does not need to be interesting. You will not lose or gain points for a good title or a bad title. "Position Essay" is enough.

19. The body of your paper must be between 900 and 1200 words. This is approximately 3-4 pages formatted as described above. Papers that have fewer than 900 words will be penalized one point per 100 words too few, starting at 899. This word count does not include your name, the title, or your works cited page.

IV. Example Paper Outline

Do not turn in an outline. This is just an example of the structure of the kind of paper you should write. I am including this to illustrate some of the guidelines from above.

I.简介（一段，不超过必要）

A. Definition of eugenics

B.您将假设X，Y和Z的规定（请参阅上面的II下的第二个警告）。C.您的论文：国家赞助的优生学在道德上是必不可少的，要么是道德上的

II. Argument 1 that supports your view (multiple paragraphs, at least one page)

答：尽可能明确：“我有两个参数。首先....”

B. You could have more than two arguments, but a paper this short may not have room to discuss more than three.

III. Argument 2 that supports your view (multiple paragraphs, at least one page)

IV. Objections to your arguments and your responses (below is an example for how this might go): A. Objection to Argument 1 and your response (at least one paragraph)

B.反对参数2和您的回答（至少一个段落）

D.如果相关，您可以讨论更多异议

E.尽可能明确：“现在我将讨论异议。首先，有人可能会反对。

V. Conclusion: restate your thesis and your arguments. Do not make any new points here (one paragraph, no longer than necessary).

vi。工作引用页面

V. Grading Rubric

简介，写作策略，要点的组织

5 Follows all of guidelines 1-5.

4 Follows most but not all of guidelines 1-5.

3 Follows some of guidelines 1-5.

2遵循指南1-5的至少一项。

1 Follows none of guidelines 1-5.

Thesis

5本文包含论文声明它是clear, follows the prompt, and is the first sentence of the paper.

4论文陈述不遵循提示或不清楚。

3 The thesis statement neither follows the prompt nor is clear.

2论文陈述不在本文的开头。

1本文不包含论文陈述。

Argument

5论点支持论文，是明确的，并且是有效的。

4 The arguments support the thesis but are either not clear or valid.

3 The arguments either do not support the thesis and are either not clear or not valid.

2 The arguments do not support the thesis, are not valid, and are not clear.

1 There are no arguments, only assertions.

异议

5 Appropriate objections are stated and properly discussed.

陈述了4个适当的反对意见，但并非全部讨论。3列出了适当的反对意见，但没有正确讨论。

2 Inappropriate objections are stated.

1 No objections are stated.

支持

5 Statements that require support by citations are supported by citations.

4 A few statements that require support by citations are not supported by citations.

3引用不支持一些需要引用支持的陈述。

2 Most statements that require support by citations are not supported by citations.

1 No statements that require support by citations are supported by citations.

引用风格

5 APA style is properly used, both in text and in the works cited page.

4文本中的引用或引用页面上的引用中存在较小的错误。

3 There are serious errors in the citations in the text or on the works cited page.

2有引用文本,但没有cit工作ed page, or there is a works cited page but there are no citations in the text.

1 There are no citations in the text and there is no works cited page.