操作研究的性质

The term Operations Research refers to the application of scientific methodology of several different disciplines to problems related to the functioning or operating of some unit business government or institutional Management asks operations Research experts to provide quantitative bases for such decisions which will permit management to make the best operating decisions. The operations researchers are expected by mangers to analyze the managerial problems which involve the operations of systems to gather essential data to interpret those data to build one or more models, to manipulate and experiment with those models and finally to predict and make recommendations about future operations.

The growth of operations research activities, in organizations has been rapid. The operations Research specialists have not replaced managers nor have they taken over the decision making responsibility. The correct role of operations Research specialist is to help the manager make better decisions.

Operations Research may "provide top-level administrators with a quantitative basis for decisions that will increase the effectiveness of such organizations in carrying out their basic purpose the committee on operations research of the National Research council U.S.A. business management major activities are planning control and organizing all of which entail extensive decision making which has been carried out in the past on the basis of hunches intuition and judgment O.R has injected quantification and has brought decision making a major step forward.

在操作层面,O.R提供了科学的规则s of decision making. For example economic lots may be used instead of such rules of thumb as "order 2 months requirements. Likewise scientific rules for production scheduling equipment (that fails suddenly or deteriorates) replacement etc... Can be framed. This not only optimizes the total cost but also routs nesses (or leads to programmed) decision making that can be entrusted to relatively junior staff or the computer.

O.R. provides insight into problems for decision at higher echelons. For example marketing simulations attempt to reproduce the behavior of distributor's customers and/or competitors. Especially customer simulations seek to describe the formation of attitudes and buying behavior of actual and potential customers. Competitive simulations seek to describe the marketing actions and reactions of competitors on an ongoing marketing process. Such models do not provide automatic decisions but express some aspects of real life situations in the light of which the executive can exercise better judgment.

评论。操作研究技术在组织的复杂问题上的应用涉及考虑影响决策过程的整体系统。运营研究人员不仅考虑了环境中的所有因素及其相互关系，而且还试图以量化的方式展示它们，以便可以轻松评估任何因素的变化。因此，运营研究是一种科学的决策方法，是管理理念多学科领域不可或缺的一部分。

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