Electromagnetic Waves
E = ε0sin (ωt - Kx) B = B0sin (ωt - Kx)are the electric and magnetic fields varying with distance x and time t inyZplane. Such a combination of electric and magnetic fields is referred to as an electromagnetic wave in vacuum. The theory of electromagnetic waves was developed in 164 by Maxwell.
Maxwell's equations:-it is combination of four equations connecting electric and magnetic fields.
§E. ds = Q / ε0gauss law in electrostatics.
§E . dl = - d∅mag / dt faraday's law
§B. Ds = 0gauss law in magnetism.
§B. Dl = μ0ic + μ0idmodified ampere's law
= μ0ic + με0d∅electric / dt
In vacuumic = 0
§B. dl = μ0ε0d∅ electric /dt = μ0id
Id = ε0d∅ electric/dt = d(q inside)/dt
Properties of electromagnetic waves
Though these are produced due to variation of electric or magnetic fields but they themselves are not charged.
These are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
They travel with the speed of light c in vacuum.
They can pass through vacuum as no medium is required for their propagation.
They are only transverse in nature.
They affect photographic plates (blacken it if wavelength < IR).
Their rest mass is zero but they possess momentum.
They can be polarized.
Relation between E and B
ε0= Boc and c = 1/μ0ε0
μ0= 4π x 10-7T - mA-1
ε0= 8.85419 x 10-12C2N-1m2
Momentum p = U/C where U is energy U = m0c2= m0c2/ c = m0c.
当波我s reflected momentum changes fromp to - p.
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